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June 3rd, 2007

Switzerland Flag

A country’s flag is more than just a four-cornered piece of cloth. It stands for something deeper, representing people and homeland.

A federal republic, composed of 26 federal states (”cantons”), Switzerland is a Central European country known for its long tradition of political neutrality. According to history, Switzerland first became a nation in 1291.

At the time, much of current territory of Switzerland was under the rule of the counts of Habsburg. Deciding to defend their rights against the Habsburgs, three cantons united and together they formed the beginning of what is known as the Old Swiss Confederacy. By 1513, several cantons have also joined the Confederacy.

The member states of the Confederacy did not actually tried to build a nation. In fact, until 1648, Switzerland was still considered a part of the German Empire, whose emperor in the 13th century was identified as the protector of Christianity and carried with him a flag with the cross as a holy sign. Moreover, the German emperor also carried with him a blood-red flag, which symbolized his power over life and death. These two elements were later on incorporated in the present Switzerland flag, but before that, the Switzerland flag had to undergo various transformations.

In the 13th century, the German emperor sometimes granted special honor to certain cities and regions. This special honor consists of the right to bear a cross on one’s coat of arms and on a flag as well as direct immediacy - that is, direct subordination to the emperor without going through the counts.

In 1240, one of the founding members of the Old Swiss Confederacy, the region of Schwyz, was granted immediacy and was permitted to carry a red flag. Later in 1289, the region supported King Rudolf of Habsburg in a war against Burgundy. As recognition of their contribution, the emperor granted them the right to represent the crucifixion of Christ and the tools used to torture him. At first, these symbols were painted on parchment and fastened it on the Switzerland flag. Later on, the cross symbol was painted directly on the Switzerland flag itself.

For a long time, the Switzerland flag was of this fashion. However, in 1798, the Swiss Revolution broke. Afterwards, much of the old structures of Swiss governance was abolished to be replaced with a centralistic democracy. Like all revolutionary governments, the newly formed Helvetic Republic adopted a tricolor for its Switzerland flag: green (symbolizing freedom/revolution) with a little freedom hat, red (traditional color of Switzerland flags), and yellow (another traditional color).

The centralistic government did not last long and the Switzerland flag had to go through several different transformations in accordance with the changing modes of time. It was only after the French July Revolution of 1830 that the Switzerland flag we know of today was reinstituted as a symbol of the country as a common flag for all Swiss troops.

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